Υψηλούς κινδύνους συνεπάγεται η χρήση του Facebook στο θέατρο επιχειρήσεων, σύμφωνα με προειδοποίηση της διοίκησης της αμερικανικής πολεμικής αεροπορίας προς τα στελέχη της, καθώς, μέσω του δημοφιλούς κοινωνικού δικτύου μπορεί να αποκαλυφθεί η θέση τους.
Η προειδοποίηση δημοσιεύτηκε σε εσωτερική ιστοσελίδα και θίγει το θέμα του κατά πόσον μπορούν να χρησιμοποιηθούν οι νέες, ευρέως διαδεδομένες τεχνολογίες για να εξακριβωθεί η γεωγραφική θέση του χρήστη τους.
Όπως αναφέρεται μέσα, η απρόσεκτη χρήση θα μπορούσε να έχει «καταστροφικές συνέπειες για την επιχειρησιακή ασφάλεια και τη μυστικότητα».
Αντίστοιχη προειδοποίηση θα στείλει και ο στρατός.
Η κύρια ανησυχία των αξιωματούχων της αμερικανικής πολεμικής αεροπορίας έχει να κάνει με τη χρήση BlackBerry και άλλων συσκευών που διαθέτουν δυνατότητες GPS, καθώς διαδικτυακές υπηρεσίες με δυνατότητες γεωγραφικού προσδιορισμού/ εντοπισμού (Facebook, Foursquare κ.α) θα μπορούσαν να τους «βρουν», με αποτέλεσμα να αποκαλύπτεται η θέση τους στον εχθρό.
http://www.blogger.com/goog_1148516694με πληροφορίες από BBC
Geopolitical Research Institute(GRI)/Εταιρεία Γεωπολιτικών Ερευνών(ΕΓΕ)
Κυριακή 21 Νοεμβρίου 2010
Η Ιρλανδία και επισήμως στο μηχανισμό στήριξης
Η Ιρλανδία ζήτησε επισήμως την οικονομική στήριξη της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης και του Διεθνούς Νομισματικού Ταμείου.
Τη δήλωση αυτή έκανε ο Ιρλανδός υπουργός Οικονομικών Μπράιαν Λένιχαν χωρίς όμως να αναφερθεί σε συγκεκριμένο χρηματικό ποσό.
Οι ευρωπαίοι υπουργοί Οικονομικών τάχθηκαν υπέρ του αιτήματος στήριξης της Ιρλανδίας και δήλωσαν ότι είναι υπέρ ενός σχεδίου ενίσχυσης που θα διατεθεί την άνοιξη, δήλωσε στο Γαλλικό Πρακτορείο διπλωματική πηγή.
Ο Ευρωπαίος Επίτροπος Οικονομικών Όλι Ρεν καλωσόρισε «την ένταξη της Ιρλανδίας στον μηχανισμό βοήθειας».
Στο μεταξύ ο υπουργός Οικονομικών της Γερμανίας Βόλφγανγκ Σόιμπλε εκτίμησε ότι η Ιρλανδία πρέπει να αποδείξει ότι η βοήθεια της ΕΕ και του ΔNT είναι απαραίτητη για να προστευτεί η σταθερότητα του ευρώ, εάν θέλει να επωφεληθεί από το μηχανισμό.
Νωρίτερα σε τηλεδιάσκεψη των υπουργών Οικονομικών του Eurogroup, εξετάστηκε το ζήτημα της οικονομικής στήριξης της Ιρλανδίας από τον μηχανισμό στήριξης.
Το ζήτημα απασχόλησε το ιρλανδικό υπουργικό συμβούλιο, στη διάρκεια του οποίου ο υπουργός Οικονομικών Μπράιαν Λένιχαν ζήτησε την προσφυγή στο μηχανισμό στήριξης.
Η τηλεδιάσκεψη του Eurogroup κατέληξε απόψε σε απόφαση για την Ιρλανδία, σχετικά με την ένταξή της στο μηχανισμό στήριξης.
Σημειώνεται ότι ο Ιρλανδός υπουργός Οικονομικών Μπράιαν Λένινχαν, έπειτα από τις συναντήσεις του με αξιωματούχους της ΕΕ, του ΔΝΤ και της ΕΚΤ που βρίσκονται στην ιρλανδική πρωτεύουσα από την Πέμπτη, ανέφερε πως το ύψος της βοήθειας θα φτάσει τα «δεκάδες δισεκατομμύρια ευρώ».
:
Το Λονδίνο ανακοίνωσε την ετοιμότητά του να στηρίξει την Ιρλανδία, καθώς η βιωσιμότητα της οικονομίας της είναι προς όφελος της Βρετανίας.
Όπως δήλωσε ο Βρετανός υπουργός Οικονομικών, η βρετανική κυβέρνηση θα συμμετάσχει ενεργά στις διαπραγματεύσεις για το μέγεθος της οικονομικής στήριξης που θα παρασχεθεί στο Δουβλίνο από τον μηχανικό στήριξης.
Τόσο η Βρετανία όσο και η Σουηδία διεμήνυσαν ότι είναι έτοιμες να χορηγήσουν επιπλέον διμερή δάνεια προς την Ιρλανδία εαν χρειαστεί.
Το έκτακτο υπουργικό συμβούλιο της Ιρλανδίας ασχολήθηκε με τις τελευταίες λεπτομέρειες στο πρωτοφανές πακέτο τετραετούς λιτότητας, που ξεκινάει με τον προϋπολογισμό του 2011 και στοχεύει σε μείωση του ιρλανδικού ελλείμματος κατά 15 δισ. ευρώ.
Η κυβέρνηση αναφέρει πως το σχέδιο, που θα δημοσιοποιηθεί την Τρίτη, έχει την υποστήριξη πολλών ειδικών του ΔΝΤ, της Κομισιόν και της ΕΚΤ.
Στο σχέδιο όμως δεν θα περιλαμβάνεται, τόνισε σήμερα ο πρωθυπουργός της χώρας Μπρ. Κόουεν, η αύξηση του συντελεστή φορολόγησης 12,5% στα κέρδη των επιχειρήσεων, το ισχυρότερο χαρτί του Δουβλίνου για την προσέλκυση ξένων επενδύσεων.
Πηγή: TA NEA
Τη δήλωση αυτή έκανε ο Ιρλανδός υπουργός Οικονομικών Μπράιαν Λένιχαν χωρίς όμως να αναφερθεί σε συγκεκριμένο χρηματικό ποσό.
Οι ευρωπαίοι υπουργοί Οικονομικών τάχθηκαν υπέρ του αιτήματος στήριξης της Ιρλανδίας και δήλωσαν ότι είναι υπέρ ενός σχεδίου ενίσχυσης που θα διατεθεί την άνοιξη, δήλωσε στο Γαλλικό Πρακτορείο διπλωματική πηγή.
Ο Ευρωπαίος Επίτροπος Οικονομικών Όλι Ρεν καλωσόρισε «την ένταξη της Ιρλανδίας στον μηχανισμό βοήθειας».
Στο μεταξύ ο υπουργός Οικονομικών της Γερμανίας Βόλφγανγκ Σόιμπλε εκτίμησε ότι η Ιρλανδία πρέπει να αποδείξει ότι η βοήθεια της ΕΕ και του ΔNT είναι απαραίτητη για να προστευτεί η σταθερότητα του ευρώ, εάν θέλει να επωφεληθεί από το μηχανισμό.
Νωρίτερα σε τηλεδιάσκεψη των υπουργών Οικονομικών του Eurogroup, εξετάστηκε το ζήτημα της οικονομικής στήριξης της Ιρλανδίας από τον μηχανισμό στήριξης.
Το ζήτημα απασχόλησε το ιρλανδικό υπουργικό συμβούλιο, στη διάρκεια του οποίου ο υπουργός Οικονομικών Μπράιαν Λένιχαν ζήτησε την προσφυγή στο μηχανισμό στήριξης.
Η τηλεδιάσκεψη του Eurogroup κατέληξε απόψε σε απόφαση για την Ιρλανδία, σχετικά με την ένταξή της στο μηχανισμό στήριξης.
Σημειώνεται ότι ο Ιρλανδός υπουργός Οικονομικών Μπράιαν Λένινχαν, έπειτα από τις συναντήσεις του με αξιωματούχους της ΕΕ, του ΔΝΤ και της ΕΚΤ που βρίσκονται στην ιρλανδική πρωτεύουσα από την Πέμπτη, ανέφερε πως το ύψος της βοήθειας θα φτάσει τα «δεκάδες δισεκατομμύρια ευρώ».
:
Το Λονδίνο ανακοίνωσε την ετοιμότητά του να στηρίξει την Ιρλανδία, καθώς η βιωσιμότητα της οικονομίας της είναι προς όφελος της Βρετανίας.
Όπως δήλωσε ο Βρετανός υπουργός Οικονομικών, η βρετανική κυβέρνηση θα συμμετάσχει ενεργά στις διαπραγματεύσεις για το μέγεθος της οικονομικής στήριξης που θα παρασχεθεί στο Δουβλίνο από τον μηχανικό στήριξης.
Τόσο η Βρετανία όσο και η Σουηδία διεμήνυσαν ότι είναι έτοιμες να χορηγήσουν επιπλέον διμερή δάνεια προς την Ιρλανδία εαν χρειαστεί.
Το έκτακτο υπουργικό συμβούλιο της Ιρλανδίας ασχολήθηκε με τις τελευταίες λεπτομέρειες στο πρωτοφανές πακέτο τετραετούς λιτότητας, που ξεκινάει με τον προϋπολογισμό του 2011 και στοχεύει σε μείωση του ιρλανδικού ελλείμματος κατά 15 δισ. ευρώ.
Η κυβέρνηση αναφέρει πως το σχέδιο, που θα δημοσιοποιηθεί την Τρίτη, έχει την υποστήριξη πολλών ειδικών του ΔΝΤ, της Κομισιόν και της ΕΚΤ.
Στο σχέδιο όμως δεν θα περιλαμβάνεται, τόνισε σήμερα ο πρωθυπουργός της χώρας Μπρ. Κόουεν, η αύξηση του συντελεστή φορολόγησης 12,5% στα κέρδη των επιχειρήσεων, το ισχυρότερο χαρτί του Δουβλίνου για την προσέλκυση ξένων επενδύσεων.
Πηγή: TA NEA
War for Caspian Sea inevitable?
The countries of the Caspian region are trying to find a solution to a long-standing dispute about the Caspian Sea. There is something to argue about indeed: sturgeons, crude and natural gas deposits, as well as the transportation of oil and gas. The leaders of Russia, Iran, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan gathered in Baku (the capital of Azerbaijan) to discuss the problem in detail.
The legal status of the Caspian Sea has not been solved yet. Consequently, not all Caspian states could settle the question about sea borders. Russia, Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan seem to have agreed on the issue, but the state of affairs in the southern part of the Caspian Sea is still unstable.
Iran's position is the main problem here. This country claims its rights for one-fifth part of the sea, which is unacceptable for all other Caspian states.
Russia Today: Caspian nations discuss sea's legal status
Similar problems exist in the relations between Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan, as well as between Azerbaijan and Iran. These countries still argue about the borders of their sectors of the sea.
The Caspian dispute has triggered the militarization of the Caspian Sea. Turkmenistan's President Gurbangully Berdymuhammedov approved the establishment of the Navy of Turkmenistan. The country only had patrol boats before, and it was obvious that Turkmenistan was too weak to compete against the navy of Azerbaijan, which has the second largest navy in the region (following Russia).
0
SharePrint version Font Size Send to friend "The Caspian Sea is not just a pool, as many people call it. The sea is very rich with oil and gas reserves. A special agreement, signed by the Caspian states, divides the sea into several zones, but some members of the agreement still argue about its terms. It seems that there is no peaceful solution to the problem, so the navy will play an important role at this point. One should also take account of the destructive influence of the West, the USA, first and foremost, as they attempt to destabilize the situation in the region," the expert said.
"Andrey Grozin, a senior expert with the Institute for CIS and Baltic States, believes that any country, including Turkmenistan, wants to defend its interests.
"The dispute between Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan is one of the key ones. They fight for the right to develop three large oil fields. Azerbaijan already develops two of the three disputed fields, which Turkmenistan considers its own. Western partners hoped that it would be possible to change the situation for the better after Turkmenistan had a new leader, but the problem still remains unsolved," the expert said.
Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan realize their importance to the West as fuel suppliers and they compete with each other. Turkmenistan understands that Nabucco will not happen without Turkmen gas. The resources of Azerbaijan play an important role in the work of the trans-Caspian gas pipeline. Azerbaijan is much more important when it comes to the transit of Central Asian gas to Europe.
It is an open secret that neither Iran nor Russia were considered as partners for Nabucco project. As for Russia, Nabucco was designed to eliminate Russia's influence in the transportation of natural gas to Europe.
Sergey Balmasov
Pravda.Ru
The legal status of the Caspian Sea has not been solved yet. Consequently, not all Caspian states could settle the question about sea borders. Russia, Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan seem to have agreed on the issue, but the state of affairs in the southern part of the Caspian Sea is still unstable.
Iran's position is the main problem here. This country claims its rights for one-fifth part of the sea, which is unacceptable for all other Caspian states.
Russia Today: Caspian nations discuss sea's legal status
Similar problems exist in the relations between Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan, as well as between Azerbaijan and Iran. These countries still argue about the borders of their sectors of the sea.
The Caspian dispute has triggered the militarization of the Caspian Sea. Turkmenistan's President Gurbangully Berdymuhammedov approved the establishment of the Navy of Turkmenistan. The country only had patrol boats before, and it was obvious that Turkmenistan was too weak to compete against the navy of Azerbaijan, which has the second largest navy in the region (following Russia).
0
SharePrint version Font Size Send to friend "The Caspian Sea is not just a pool, as many people call it. The sea is very rich with oil and gas reserves. A special agreement, signed by the Caspian states, divides the sea into several zones, but some members of the agreement still argue about its terms. It seems that there is no peaceful solution to the problem, so the navy will play an important role at this point. One should also take account of the destructive influence of the West, the USA, first and foremost, as they attempt to destabilize the situation in the region," the expert said.
"Andrey Grozin, a senior expert with the Institute for CIS and Baltic States, believes that any country, including Turkmenistan, wants to defend its interests.
"The dispute between Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan is one of the key ones. They fight for the right to develop three large oil fields. Azerbaijan already develops two of the three disputed fields, which Turkmenistan considers its own. Western partners hoped that it would be possible to change the situation for the better after Turkmenistan had a new leader, but the problem still remains unsolved," the expert said.
Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan realize their importance to the West as fuel suppliers and they compete with each other. Turkmenistan understands that Nabucco will not happen without Turkmen gas. The resources of Azerbaijan play an important role in the work of the trans-Caspian gas pipeline. Azerbaijan is much more important when it comes to the transit of Central Asian gas to Europe.
It is an open secret that neither Iran nor Russia were considered as partners for Nabucco project. As for Russia, Nabucco was designed to eliminate Russia's influence in the transportation of natural gas to Europe.
Sergey Balmasov
Pravda.Ru
NATO Summit paves way for renewed Alliance
The Lisbon Summit concluded on 20 November with decisions that will mean profound changes for the way NATO does business, making the Alliance more effective, more efficient and more engaged with the wider world.
During the two-day meeting, Allies decided to develop new capabilities necessary to defend against modern threats such as ballistic missile and cyber attacks. They made a fresh start in relations with Russia, with the aim of building a true strategic partnership and decided to reach out to partners around the globe.
Allies also agreed to streamline the Alliance’s military command structure and to make NATO more efficient, so that taxpayers get maximum security for the money they invest in defence. Finally, they launched a process by which Afghan security forces will increasingly take the lead for security operations across the country.
During the Summit, NATO leaders adopted a new Strategic Concept that will serve as the Alliance’s roadmap for the next ten years, reconfirming the commitment to defend one another against attack as the cornerstone of Euro-Atlantic security.
Allies agreed that promotion of Euro-Atlantic security is best assured through a wide network of partner relationships with countries and organizations around the globe, such as the United Nations and the European Union, and that they will be open to consultation with any partner country on security issues of common concern.
NATO leaders reiterated their commitment to ensure that the Euro-Atlantic Alliance has the full range of capabilities necessary to deter and defend against any threat to the safety and security of the populations of member countries. To this end, they decided to develop the capability to defend European territory and populations against missile attack as a core element of collective defence and to extend an offer to Russia to cooperate with NATO in this regard.
Together with Russia, NATO Allies agreed at the NATO-Russia Council Summit meeting to a joint review of 21st century security threats that all countries face in common in a document that will serve as a foundation for further cooperation. Allies also agreed with Russia to jointly expand support for Afghanistan, including by broadening transit arrangements, extending training of counter narcotics officials and providing equipment to Afghan security forces.
Finally, the 28 NATO Allies were joined during the Summit by the 20 partners who are contributing forces to the mission in Afghanistan, as well as representatives of the United Nations, the World Bank and the European Union, and Afghan President Hamid Karzai. Together, they launched the process by which Afghan security forces will increasingly take the lead for security operations across the country, starting early 2011.
The NATO Secretary General also signed an agreement with President Karzai on a long-term partnership between the Alliance and Afghanistan that will endure beyond the combat mission. With this partnership, NATO will stay as long as necessary to support Afghanistan until it can no longer become a safe haven for terrorism.
With the new Strategic Concept and the decisions taken in Lisbon, NATO has adopted an action plan which sets out concrete steps it will take in order to put in place a renewed Euro-Atlantic Alliance, ready to meet the threats of the 21st century.
Last updated: 20-Nov-2010 19:52
From the event
19-20 Nov 2010 - Summit Meeting of NATO Heads of State and Government - Lisbon, Portugal
Topics
NATO-Russia Council (NRC)
Share
Source : The Washington Post
During the two-day meeting, Allies decided to develop new capabilities necessary to defend against modern threats such as ballistic missile and cyber attacks. They made a fresh start in relations with Russia, with the aim of building a true strategic partnership and decided to reach out to partners around the globe.
Allies also agreed to streamline the Alliance’s military command structure and to make NATO more efficient, so that taxpayers get maximum security for the money they invest in defence. Finally, they launched a process by which Afghan security forces will increasingly take the lead for security operations across the country.
During the Summit, NATO leaders adopted a new Strategic Concept that will serve as the Alliance’s roadmap for the next ten years, reconfirming the commitment to defend one another against attack as the cornerstone of Euro-Atlantic security.
Allies agreed that promotion of Euro-Atlantic security is best assured through a wide network of partner relationships with countries and organizations around the globe, such as the United Nations and the European Union, and that they will be open to consultation with any partner country on security issues of common concern.
NATO leaders reiterated their commitment to ensure that the Euro-Atlantic Alliance has the full range of capabilities necessary to deter and defend against any threat to the safety and security of the populations of member countries. To this end, they decided to develop the capability to defend European territory and populations against missile attack as a core element of collective defence and to extend an offer to Russia to cooperate with NATO in this regard.
Together with Russia, NATO Allies agreed at the NATO-Russia Council Summit meeting to a joint review of 21st century security threats that all countries face in common in a document that will serve as a foundation for further cooperation. Allies also agreed with Russia to jointly expand support for Afghanistan, including by broadening transit arrangements, extending training of counter narcotics officials and providing equipment to Afghan security forces.
Finally, the 28 NATO Allies were joined during the Summit by the 20 partners who are contributing forces to the mission in Afghanistan, as well as representatives of the United Nations, the World Bank and the European Union, and Afghan President Hamid Karzai. Together, they launched the process by which Afghan security forces will increasingly take the lead for security operations across the country, starting early 2011.
The NATO Secretary General also signed an agreement with President Karzai on a long-term partnership between the Alliance and Afghanistan that will endure beyond the combat mission. With this partnership, NATO will stay as long as necessary to support Afghanistan until it can no longer become a safe haven for terrorism.
With the new Strategic Concept and the decisions taken in Lisbon, NATO has adopted an action plan which sets out concrete steps it will take in order to put in place a renewed Euro-Atlantic Alliance, ready to meet the threats of the 21st century.
Last updated: 20-Nov-2010 19:52
From the event
19-20 Nov 2010 - Summit Meeting of NATO Heads of State and Government - Lisbon, Portugal
Topics
NATO-Russia Council (NRC)
Share
Source : The Washington Post
Σάββατο 20 Νοεμβρίου 2010
'Stuxnet specifically targeted Iranian nuclear program'
The German computer security expert who first reported that the Stuxnet worm was designed to attack targets in Iran said the virus specifically attacked the country's nuclear program, in a report posted Friday.
In his analysis, Ralph Langner said Stuxnet contained two distinct "digital warheads," specifically designed to attack military targets: Uranium enrichment plants and the Bushehr nuclear power plant.
RELATED:
Iranian defense minister: Stuxnet had no impact
Security and Defense: Nuclear worming
Iran: We've learned how to fight Stuxnet computer worm
Langner said that the portion of the worm that targeted Uranium enrichment plants manipulated the speeds of mechanical parts in the enrichment process, which would ultimately "result in cracking the rotor, thereby destroying the centrifuge."
He said the strategic importance of such an attack is that it was able to "attack and destroy centrifuge facilities that are unknown to IAEA inspectors and the world," saying that this was likely the main goal of the worm's first "warhead."
The second "warhead" targeted the Bushehr nuclear plant, according to Langner's report. Explaining how the program was designed to work, he notes that this segment of code had no relation to the first "warhead."
He purported that the second segment was intended to attack the external turbine controller of the Bushehr plant, a 150 foot "chunk of metal," that could "destroy the turbine as effectively as an air strike."
Praising the sophistication of the attack code, Langner said, "it is obvious that several years of preparation went into the design of this attack." Describing the technological advancement it represents, he compared it to "the arrival of an F-35 fighter jet on a World War I battlefield." He called the technology, "much superior to anything ever seen before, and to what was assumed possible."
In his analysis, Ralph Langner said Stuxnet contained two distinct "digital warheads," specifically designed to attack military targets: Uranium enrichment plants and the Bushehr nuclear power plant.
RELATED:
Iranian defense minister: Stuxnet had no impact
Security and Defense: Nuclear worming
Iran: We've learned how to fight Stuxnet computer worm
Langner said that the portion of the worm that targeted Uranium enrichment plants manipulated the speeds of mechanical parts in the enrichment process, which would ultimately "result in cracking the rotor, thereby destroying the centrifuge."
He said the strategic importance of such an attack is that it was able to "attack and destroy centrifuge facilities that are unknown to IAEA inspectors and the world," saying that this was likely the main goal of the worm's first "warhead."
The second "warhead" targeted the Bushehr nuclear plant, according to Langner's report. Explaining how the program was designed to work, he notes that this segment of code had no relation to the first "warhead."
He purported that the second segment was intended to attack the external turbine controller of the Bushehr plant, a 150 foot "chunk of metal," that could "destroy the turbine as effectively as an air strike."
Praising the sophistication of the attack code, Langner said, "it is obvious that several years of preparation went into the design of this attack." Describing the technological advancement it represents, he compared it to "the arrival of an F-35 fighter jet on a World War I battlefield." He called the technology, "much superior to anything ever seen before, and to what was assumed possible."
Πρόγραμμα δημοσιονομικής προσαρμογής για την Ιρλανδία
Τετραετές πρόγραμμα δημοσιονομικής προσαρμογής αναμένεται να ανακοινώσει την Τρίτη η ιρλανδική κυβέρνηση.
Στόχος της είναι το πρόγραμμα διάσωσης να έχει ιρλανδική «σφραγίδα» και να μην φαίνεται ότι προέρχεται από την Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση ή το Διεθνές Νομισματικό Ταμείο.
Την ίδια ώρα, αξιωματούχοι του Δ.Ν.Τ. και της Κομισιόν βρίσκονται στο Δουβλίνο για να συζητήσουν το σχέδιο στήριξης της Ιρλανδίας, προκειμένου να αντιμετωπιστούν τα προβλήματα που έχει στον τραπεζικό τομέα.
«Το Υπουργικό Συμβούλιο θα συνεδριάσει την Κυριακή για να οριστικοποιήσει το 160σέλιδο πρόγραμμα το οποίο καθορίζει τρόπους για τη μείωση του δημοσιονομικού ελλείμματος», αναφέρει δημοσίευμα των «The Irish Times».
Σύμφωνα με την εφημερίδα, ένα ακόμα σχέδιο το οποίο αφορά στην αναδιάρθρωση του τραπεζικού τομέα αναμένεται να οριστικοποιηθεί την επόμενη εβδομάδα.
Οι ιρλανδικές τράπεζες ουσιαστικά έχουν τεθεί εκτός της διατραπεζικής αγοράς υπό το φως των ανησυχιών για ενδεχόμενη χρεοκοπία τους.
Για τη χρηματοδότησή τους στηρίζονται σχεδόν κατ' αποκλειστικότητα στην ΕΚΤ. Η χρηματοδότηση στο τέλος Οκτωβρίου είχε ανέλθει σε 130 δισ. ευρώ, ενώ η ιρλανδική κεντρική τράπεζα έχει προσφέρει 35 δισ. ευρώ.
Κοινοτικές πηγές αναφέρουν ότι η Ιρλανδία μπορεί να χρειαστεί βοήθεια μεταξύ 45 και 90 δισ. ευρώ. Το ύψος του ποσού θα εξαρτηθεί από το αν η βοήθεια κατευθυνθεί μόνο για την εξυγίανση του τραπεζικού κλάδου ή και για τα δημόσια οικονομικά.
TA NEA
Στόχος της είναι το πρόγραμμα διάσωσης να έχει ιρλανδική «σφραγίδα» και να μην φαίνεται ότι προέρχεται από την Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση ή το Διεθνές Νομισματικό Ταμείο.
Την ίδια ώρα, αξιωματούχοι του Δ.Ν.Τ. και της Κομισιόν βρίσκονται στο Δουβλίνο για να συζητήσουν το σχέδιο στήριξης της Ιρλανδίας, προκειμένου να αντιμετωπιστούν τα προβλήματα που έχει στον τραπεζικό τομέα.
«Το Υπουργικό Συμβούλιο θα συνεδριάσει την Κυριακή για να οριστικοποιήσει το 160σέλιδο πρόγραμμα το οποίο καθορίζει τρόπους για τη μείωση του δημοσιονομικού ελλείμματος», αναφέρει δημοσίευμα των «The Irish Times».
Σύμφωνα με την εφημερίδα, ένα ακόμα σχέδιο το οποίο αφορά στην αναδιάρθρωση του τραπεζικού τομέα αναμένεται να οριστικοποιηθεί την επόμενη εβδομάδα.
Οι ιρλανδικές τράπεζες ουσιαστικά έχουν τεθεί εκτός της διατραπεζικής αγοράς υπό το φως των ανησυχιών για ενδεχόμενη χρεοκοπία τους.
Για τη χρηματοδότησή τους στηρίζονται σχεδόν κατ' αποκλειστικότητα στην ΕΚΤ. Η χρηματοδότηση στο τέλος Οκτωβρίου είχε ανέλθει σε 130 δισ. ευρώ, ενώ η ιρλανδική κεντρική τράπεζα έχει προσφέρει 35 δισ. ευρώ.
Κοινοτικές πηγές αναφέρουν ότι η Ιρλανδία μπορεί να χρειαστεί βοήθεια μεταξύ 45 και 90 δισ. ευρώ. Το ύψος του ποσού θα εξαρτηθεί από το αν η βοήθεια κατευθυνθεί μόνο για την εξυγίανση του τραπεζικού κλάδου ή και για τα δημόσια οικονομικά.
TA NEA
Παρασκευή 19 Νοεμβρίου 2010
Turkish government's Alevi initiative a failure, union leader says
Turkey’s ruling party is trying to create an official form of Alevism that can be subsumed into its Sunni-led Directorate of Religious Affairs while delegitimizing all other forms of the faith, an Alevi labor union leader says. ‘The government will make it seem like Alevism is recognized while using methods to diminish it further,’ says Vicdan Baykara
This file photo shows a recent protest in Ankara by Alevis against compulsory religion courses at schools. DHA photo
The government’s initiative to address the concerns of Turkey’s Alevi community has failed to address the group’s problems and is directed only at assimilation, according to the Alevi head of a labor union.
“Even as it says it is solving the problems, [the ruling Justice and Development Party, or AKP,] is eliminating the organized portions of the Kurds, Alevis and workers and replacing them with structures adapted to the existing system,” Vicdan Baykara, general chairwoman of the All Municipal and Local Administration Workers Union, or Tüm Bel Sen told the Hürriyet Daily News & Economic Review in a recent interview.
“What Alevis want is the entire freedom of religion and beliefs. As for freedom, their priority is expressed in a distance between them and the state,” she said.
Alevis, who many consider to be a liberal branch of Islam, are facing a two-dimension problem at the moment, she said. One dimension of the problem is political and is based on how citizenship was recognized and how freedom of religion and conscience was defined during the foundation of the Turkish Republic. The other dimension is that Alevi beliefs and rituals, and their relationship to a modernizing world, cannot be contained within the discourse of contemporary politics.
“What we call belief is never separate from culture, politics or identity. In this sense for example the cemevis (Alevi meeting places) are houses of belief, of culture and of philosophy,” Baykara said.
By necessity, the AKP and other political parties have to approach what they see as the Alevi “problem” as a political one, but when Alevism is considered politically, an act of symbolic violence intervenes into its world of ritual.
“In Alevism, elders take their place in the center of rituals. When this situation is drawn into political debate it constitutes tearing down a structure with historical roots and replacing it with a new one,” she said.
In this sense, the “issue” facing the community is how to retain experiential religious authenticity in the face of a burgeoning political representation, the controlled structure of which is at odds with the ritual elements of the religion as it is practiced.
A political conflict
The government’s recent suggestion that Alevism be represented by the Directorate of Religious Affairs not only fails to recognize the sensitivity required in attaining political representation for the community, but openly wants to subsume the community into the larger, state-led interpretation of Islam.
“The government wants to extinguish the Alevi movement. If The Directorate of Religious Affairs recognizes one form of Alevism, all other concepts of Alevism will be suppressed and destroyed. In one sense assimilation will occur. So the AKP will make it seem like Alevism is recognized while using methods to diminish it further,” Baykara said.
The AKP’s approach to all the basic problems of the country, foremost of which is the Kurdish problem, is to propose an initiative and then exclude those people who would serve as interlocutors from dialogue and exchange, Baykara said.
According to Baykara, as far the Alevi issue is concerned, the government wants to retain total control over the solution of the problem. “Such an intervention is an initiative to form Alevism according to the needs of the state.”
Compulsory religious courses at schools are just one of the forms such government intervention takes. It is a means of preventing Alevi children from living by their own beliefs and an attempt to assimilate them, Baykara said.
“In a country which is said to be democratic the application of compulsory religious classes is a totalitarian practice and a memento of the Sept. 12 [1980 military coup] for this country of ours,” she said. “For a modern, scientific, democratic and secular education, the compulsory Religious Culture and Ethics course must be removed. The state mustn’t engage in religious education and teaching.”
Ultimately, according to Baykara, Alevis want the elimination of the Directorate of Religious Affairs and the removal of religious courses from the school curriculum entirely. Additionally, they want their cemevis recognized as specifically Alevi buildings rather than venues for practicing a varying form of Islam.
“Alevism is an accumulative belief that can’t be defined by Islamic elements alone. The religious rituals of the Alevis, the forms of worship, the forms of the relations among them, social rules, etc. are quite different from Sunni orthodoxy. For example, the five conditions of Sunni orthodoxy are either never found among Alevis, or are experienced very differently. There’s no going on the pilgrimage, for example, and fasting is very different,” Baykara said.
“But even these ideas are different among Alevis from one geographical location to another. But this situation doesn’t separate Alevis – it enriches them with a pluralistic structure, forming the shared principles of Alevism,” Baykara said.
Hurriyet Daily News
This file photo shows a recent protest in Ankara by Alevis against compulsory religion courses at schools. DHA photo
The government’s initiative to address the concerns of Turkey’s Alevi community has failed to address the group’s problems and is directed only at assimilation, according to the Alevi head of a labor union.
“Even as it says it is solving the problems, [the ruling Justice and Development Party, or AKP,] is eliminating the organized portions of the Kurds, Alevis and workers and replacing them with structures adapted to the existing system,” Vicdan Baykara, general chairwoman of the All Municipal and Local Administration Workers Union, or Tüm Bel Sen told the Hürriyet Daily News & Economic Review in a recent interview.
“What Alevis want is the entire freedom of religion and beliefs. As for freedom, their priority is expressed in a distance between them and the state,” she said.
Alevis, who many consider to be a liberal branch of Islam, are facing a two-dimension problem at the moment, she said. One dimension of the problem is political and is based on how citizenship was recognized and how freedom of religion and conscience was defined during the foundation of the Turkish Republic. The other dimension is that Alevi beliefs and rituals, and their relationship to a modernizing world, cannot be contained within the discourse of contemporary politics.
“What we call belief is never separate from culture, politics or identity. In this sense for example the cemevis (Alevi meeting places) are houses of belief, of culture and of philosophy,” Baykara said.
By necessity, the AKP and other political parties have to approach what they see as the Alevi “problem” as a political one, but when Alevism is considered politically, an act of symbolic violence intervenes into its world of ritual.
“In Alevism, elders take their place in the center of rituals. When this situation is drawn into political debate it constitutes tearing down a structure with historical roots and replacing it with a new one,” she said.
In this sense, the “issue” facing the community is how to retain experiential religious authenticity in the face of a burgeoning political representation, the controlled structure of which is at odds with the ritual elements of the religion as it is practiced.
A political conflict
The government’s recent suggestion that Alevism be represented by the Directorate of Religious Affairs not only fails to recognize the sensitivity required in attaining political representation for the community, but openly wants to subsume the community into the larger, state-led interpretation of Islam.
“The government wants to extinguish the Alevi movement. If The Directorate of Religious Affairs recognizes one form of Alevism, all other concepts of Alevism will be suppressed and destroyed. In one sense assimilation will occur. So the AKP will make it seem like Alevism is recognized while using methods to diminish it further,” Baykara said.
The AKP’s approach to all the basic problems of the country, foremost of which is the Kurdish problem, is to propose an initiative and then exclude those people who would serve as interlocutors from dialogue and exchange, Baykara said.
According to Baykara, as far the Alevi issue is concerned, the government wants to retain total control over the solution of the problem. “Such an intervention is an initiative to form Alevism according to the needs of the state.”
Compulsory religious courses at schools are just one of the forms such government intervention takes. It is a means of preventing Alevi children from living by their own beliefs and an attempt to assimilate them, Baykara said.
“In a country which is said to be democratic the application of compulsory religious classes is a totalitarian practice and a memento of the Sept. 12 [1980 military coup] for this country of ours,” she said. “For a modern, scientific, democratic and secular education, the compulsory Religious Culture and Ethics course must be removed. The state mustn’t engage in religious education and teaching.”
Ultimately, according to Baykara, Alevis want the elimination of the Directorate of Religious Affairs and the removal of religious courses from the school curriculum entirely. Additionally, they want their cemevis recognized as specifically Alevi buildings rather than venues for practicing a varying form of Islam.
“Alevism is an accumulative belief that can’t be defined by Islamic elements alone. The religious rituals of the Alevis, the forms of worship, the forms of the relations among them, social rules, etc. are quite different from Sunni orthodoxy. For example, the five conditions of Sunni orthodoxy are either never found among Alevis, or are experienced very differently. There’s no going on the pilgrimage, for example, and fasting is very different,” Baykara said.
“But even these ideas are different among Alevis from one geographical location to another. But this situation doesn’t separate Alevis – it enriches them with a pluralistic structure, forming the shared principles of Alevism,” Baykara said.
Hurriyet Daily News
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